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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Utica, Tunisia ： ウィキペディア英語版 Utica, Tunisia Utica is an ancient city located between Carthage in the south and Hippo Diarrhytus (now Bizerte) in the north, near the outflow of the Medjerda River into the Mediterranean Sea. It is traditionally considered to be the first colony founded by the Phoenicians in North Africa.〔Moscati, Sabatino. ''The World of the Phoenicians.'' New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, 1968.〕 After the defeat of Carthage by Rome, Utica was an important Roman colony for seven centuries. Today, Utica no longer exists, and its remains are located in Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia - not on the coast where it once lay, but further inland because deforestation and agriculture upriver led to massive erosion and the Medjerda River silted over its original mouth.〔“Utica (Utique) Tunisia". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Stillwell, Richard, Macdonald, William L. and McAllister, Marian Holland. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1976. 5 May 2007. 〕 ==Utica's beginnings== Utica was founded as a port located on the trade route leading to the Straits of Gibraltar and the Atlantic, thus facilitating Phoenician trade in the Mediterranean.〔Aubet, Maria Eugenia. ''The Phoenicians and the West, Politics, Colonies, and Trade.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.〕 The name "Utica" is from the Phoenician ''ˁattiq'' (identical to modern Arabic ( أُتِيكْ, عُتَيقة) ''ˁuttayqah'' and Hebrew עתיק ''ˁatiq'') meaning "old ()", contrasting with the later colony "Carthage", meaning "new town".〔()〕〔פוליביוס, "היסטוריה" (Polybius, "Historiae", translated by: Beyamin Shimron (שימרון ); Bialik institute, Jerusalem 1991)p. 102, n. 4.〕 The actual founding date of Utica is controversial. Several classical authors date its foundation around 1100 BC. The archaeological evidence, however, suggests a foundation no earlier than the eighth century BC. Although Carthage was later founded about 40 km from Utica, records suggest "that until 540 BC Utica was still maintaining political and economic autonomy in relation to its powerful Carthaginian neighbor".〔 By the fourth century BC, Utica came under Punic control, but continued to exist as a privileged ally of Carthage.〔Walbank, F. W., Astin, A.E., Frederiksen, M.W., Ogilvie R.M. and Drummond, A., eds. ''The Rise of Rome to 220 BC.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Vol. VII of The Cambridge Ancient History.〕 Soon, commercial rivalry created problems between Carthage and Utica. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Utica, Tunisia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.